1. Odium - The state or quality of being odious. Strong dislike, contempt, or aversion. A state of disgrace resulting from hateful or detestable

2. Glut - To fill beyond capacity, especially with food; satiate

3. Nervy - Arrogantly impudent; brazen. Showing or requiring courage and fortitude; bold.

4. Pallid - Having an abnormally pale or wan complexion; lacking intensity of color or luminousness

5. Diaphanous - So light and insubstantial as to resemble air or a thin film; fine, see-through

6. Dishevelled - Being in loose disarray; unkempt, as hair or clothing; marked by disorder; untidy; wrinkled, unkempt in appearance

7. Disconsolate - Seeming beyond consolation; extremely dejected; cheerless; gloomy; depressed, unhappy

8. Batten - Grow fat,thrive upon others

9. Conch - Large seashell

10. Ingenue - An artless girl;an actress who plays such parts

11. Orison - Prayer

12. Rambunctious - Boisterous and disorderly

13. Hellion - A mischievous, troublesome, or unruly person

14. Carpophagous - Feeding on fruit; fruit-eating

15. Rancor - Bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will

16. Derivative - Resulting from or employing derivation; copied or adapted from others

17. Spurn - To be unwilling to accept, consider, or receive; to kick at or tread on disdainfully

18. Quatrain - A stanza or poem of four lines

19. Fustian - A coarse sturdy cloth made of cotton and flax; pretentious speech or writing; pompous language; pompous, bombastic, and ranting

20. Bombastic - Pompous, grandiloquent; boastful in speech or writing

21. Bootless - Without advantage or benefit; useless; unproductive of success

22. Futile - Having no useful result; trifling and frivolous; idle

23. Debase - To lower in character, quality, or value; degrade; adulterate

24. Compunction - A strong uneasiness caused by a sense of guilt; a feeling of regret for one’s sins or misdeeds; a feeling of uncertainty about the fitness or correctness of an action; regret, sorrow

25. Yokel - An uneducated country person; clumsy, unsophisticated persona rustic; a bumpkin

26. Bumptious - Crudely or loudly assertive; pushy; self-important, conceited; offensively self-assertive

27. Chimera - A fantastic, impracticable plan or desire; dream, fantasy (see pictionary)

28. Circumspect - Heedful of circumstances and potential consequences; prudent; trying attentively to avoid danger, risk, or error; cautious, discreet

29. Turpitude - Depravity; baseness; a base act

30. Infinitude - The state or quality of being infinite; an immeasurably large quantity, number, or extent

31. Cistern - A receptacle for holding water or other liquid, especially a tank for catching and storing rainwater ( SEE PICTIONARY)

32. Dulcet - Pleasing to the ear; melodious; having a soothing, agreeable quality; archaic; sweet to the taste

33. Phlegmatic - Without emotion or interest; having or suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional

34. Heresy - A controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as in politics, philosophy, or science; adherence to such controversial or unorthodox opinion; unorthodoxy

35. Anarchic - Lacking order or control; without law or control

36. Current - A steady, smooth onward movement; a general tendency, movement, or course; the amount of electric charge flowing past a specified circuit point per unit time; running; flowing

37. Gall - The quality or state of feeling bitter; the state or quality of being impudent or arrogantly self-confident; to make (the skin) raw by or as if by friction; to trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, especially by repeated vexations

38. Hirsute - Having a hairy covering

39. Malady - Any physical disease or disorder; a disease, a disorder, or an ailment; an unwholesome condition

40. Fickleness - The quality of being fickle; instability; inconsonancy

41. Resonant - Echoing; full in sound; vibrant in sound; having or producing a full, deep, or rich sound

42. Glacier - A huge mass of ice slowly flowing over a land mass, formed from compacted snow in an area where snow accumulation exceeds melting and sublimation

43. Saga - A long detailed report; epic tale, long story

44. Afferent - Carrying inward to a central organ or section, as nerves that conduct impulses from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord; transmitting impulses from sense organs to nerve centers

45. Castigate - To inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely

46. Lull - To make or become calm; pause, calm; ease off; to cause to sleep or rest

47. Malevolent - Having or exhibiting ill will; wishing harm to others; malicious

48. Imminent - About to occur; impending; at hand, on the way

49. Abate - To lessen; to subside; in metalwork, to cut away or beat down so as to show a pattern or figure in low relief

50. Stultify - To allege or prove insane and so not legally responsible; cause to appear foolish; deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless; cripple

51. Demur - To express opposition, often by argument; disagree; to delay

52. Munificent - Very liberal in giving; generous; showing great generosity

53. Tractable - Easily managed or controlled; governable; willing to carry out the wishes of others; manageable

54. Obsequious - Full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning; excessively eager to serve or obey; submissive

55. Slothful - Disinclined to work or exertion; lazy

56. Assiduity - Persistent application or diligence; unflagging effort; great and constant diligence and attention

57. Impel - To urge to action through moral pressure; drive; to drive forward; propel; prompt, incite

58. Prescience - Knowledge of actions or events before they occur; foresight; unusual or creative discernment or perception

59. Unswerving - Constant; steady

60. Vacillate - To sway from one side to the other; oscillate

61. Cajole - To urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle; attempt to coax; flatter

62. Obdurate - Stubborn and unfeeling

63. Allay - To reduce the intensity of; relieve; to calm or pacify; set to rest

64. Pelf - Wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired

65. Effuse - To cause (a liquid) to flow in a steady stream; give out or emit; to spread or flow out

66. Bootless - Without advantage or benefit; useless; unproductive of success

67. Legerdemain - The use of skillful tricks and deceptions to produce entertainingly baffling effects; manual dexterity in the execution of tricks

68. Instate - To establish in office; install; to admit formally into membership or office, as with ritual

69. Blanket - To extend over the surface of; cover; a layer that covers or encloses

70. Denude - To divest of covering; make bare; to expose (rock strata) by erosion

71. Shrivel - To become or make much less or smaller; dwindle; to become or make shrunken and wrinkled, often by drying; to lose or cause to lose vitality or intensity; dehydrate, dry up

72. Grovel - To behave in a servile or demeaning manner; cringe; abase, demean oneself

73. Referee - One to whom something is referred, especially for settlement, decision, or an opinion as to the thing’s quality

74. Caginess - Having or showing a clever awareness and resourcefulness in practical matters; secretive; wary; careful; shrewd

75. Excise - An internal tax imposed on the production, sale, or consumption of a commodity or the use of a service within a country; a licensing charge or a fee levied for certain privileges; remove, delete

76. Conciliatory - Tending to conciliate; pacific; mollifying; propitiating; placid, yielding

77. Prolixity - Words or the use of words in excess of those needed for clarity or precision; using or containing an excessive number of words; long-winded; wordy

78. Semitic - Of, relating to, or constituting a subgroup of the Afro-Asiatic language group that includes Arabic, Hebrew, Amharic, and Aramaic; of or relating to the Semites or their languages or cultures

79. Cadge - To beg or get by begging

80. Futon - A thin mattress of tufted cotton batting or similar material, placed on a floor or on a raised, foldable frame; mattress consisting of a pad of cotton batting that is used for sleeping on the floor or on a raised frame

81. Toady - A person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving reasons; a sycophant; tray to gain favor by cringing or flattering

82. Rapprochement - A reestablishing of cordial relations, as between two countries; the state of reconciliation or of cordial relations; restoration of harmony

83. Obliterate - To destroy all traces of; to wipe out, rub off, or erase

84. Timorous - Full of apprehensiveness; timid; easily frightened

85. Ecumenical - Of worldwide scope or applicability; universal; non-denominational; of or relating to the worldwide Christian church; concerned with establishing or promoting unity among churches or religions

86. Bibulous - Given to or marked by the consumption of alcoholic drink; very absorbent, as paper or soil; inclined to drink; of or relating to drink or drinking

87. Fustian - Pretentious, pompous speech or writing; a coarse sturdy cloth made of cotton and flax; pompous or pretentious talking or writing

88. Impugn - To attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument; criticize, challenge

89. Pristine - Remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization. Remaining free from dirt or decay; clean

90. Vociferous - Offensively loud and insistent

91. Convoy - The act of accompanying or escorting, especially for protective purposes; an accompanying and protecting force, as of ships or troops; a group, as of ships or motor vehicles, traveling together with a protective escort or for safety or convenience; to accompany, especially for protection; escort

92. Belie - To give a false representation to; misrepresent; to show to be false; contradict; deceive

93. Nullify - To make null; invalidate; to counteract the force or effectiveness of; cancel, revoke

94. Dissembler - One who dissembles; one who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false appearance; a hypocrite

95. Forthright - Direct and without evasion; straightforward; directly and frankly; manifesting honesty and directness, especially speech

96. Abhorrence - One that is disgusting, loathsome, or repellent; an object of extreme dislike; the act of detesting extremely; hate coupled with disgust

97. Allegory - The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form; a story, picture, or play employing such representation; a symbolic representation

98. Gossamer - So light and insubstantial as to resemble air or a thin film; gauzy, thin; soft light delicate material

99. Flag - To lose strength or power; droop

100. Thunderous - Producing thunder or a similar sound; loud and unrestrained in a way that suggests thunder; extremely ominous

101. Tempestuous - Violently disturbed or agitated, as by storms; tumultuous; stormy; wild

102. Haughty - Scornfully and condescendingly proud; arrogant

103. Chastise - To punish, as by beating; to criticize severely; rebuke; scold, discipline; to purify

104. Abhorrence - One that is disgusting, loathsome, or repellent; a feeling of repugnance or loathing; hate coupled with disgust; the act of detesting extremely

105. Irascible - Prone to outbursts of temper; easily angered. Characterized by or resulting from anger

106. Appendix - A collection of supplementary material, usually at the end of a book

107. Sumptuous - Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish; luxurious, splendid; rich and superior in quality

108. Fallow - Land left unseeded during a growing season; inactive; plowed but left unseeded during a growing season: fallow farmland

109. Plummet - To decline suddenly and steeply; to fall straight down; plunge; fall hard and fast

110. Benign - Of a kind and gentle disposition; having little or no detrimental effect; harmless

111. Immure - To confine within or as if within walls; imprison; lock up or confine, in or as in a jail

112. Voluble - Marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent; turning easily on an axis; rotating; talkative

113. Berate - To rebuke or scold angrily and at length; to reprimand loudly or harshly; criticize hatefully

114. Stolid - Having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; impassive; apathetic, stupid; without emotion or interest

115. Delineate - To draw or trace the outline of; sketch out. To represent pictorially; depict

116. Fracas - A noisy, disorderly fight or quarrel; a brawl; disturbance, fight

117. Gall - To become irritated, chafed, or sore; nerve, brashness; upset, irritate

118. Lampoon - A work, as a novel or play, that exposes folly by the use of humor or irony; ridicule, make fun of

119. Dwell - To live as a resident; reside; to fasten one’s attention; to speak or write at length; expatiate; live in

120. Vicissitudinous - Full of, or subject to, changes

121. Martinet - A rigid military disciplinarian; one who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules; one who demands strict obedience

122. Lenient - Inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent; not strict or severe; not harsh or strict in dealing with others

123. Anecdote - A short account of an interesting or humorous incident; an entertaining and often oral account of a real or fictitious occurrence; a short, interesting, and amusing story

124. Voluptuous - Giving, characterized by, or suggesting ample, unrestrained pleasure to the senses; well-developed, erotic; having fullness of beautiful form


ANALOGIES

1. quatrain:stanza
2. bootless:futile
3. fustian:bombastic
4. infinitude:measure
5. cistern:liquid
6. lock:secure
7. vivid:intensity
8. debase:status
9. glacier:ice
10. resonant:sound
11. judge:laws
12. unswering:vacillate
13. cajoling:reluctance
14. slothful:assiduity
15. fence: livestock
16. reliable:fail
17. frill:superfluity
18. obsequious:toady
19. allay:relieve
20. exhaust:energy
21. dissembler:forthright
22. mirror:reflectivity
23. bolster:support
24. book:appendix
25. still:movement
26. stolid:impassive
27. martinet:lenient
28. school:learn
29. overture:introduction
30. futon:bed
31. miscreant:wretched
32. epic:poem
33. saga:anecdote
34. raucous:harsh
35. orchestra:musician




ISSUE TOPIC

1. Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.


2. Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it.


3. The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so thatthey will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sellsproducts but also helps people feel better about themselves.


4. Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial


5.The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language.


6. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time


7. The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes


8. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little


9. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people


10. With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences


ARGUMENT TOPIC

1. The following report appeared in a memo from the vice president of the Southside Transportation Authority.
"We should abandon our current five-year plan to purchase additional buses to serve the campus of Southside University, because students there are unlikely to use them. Consider the results of the recent campaign sponsored by the Environmental Club at Southside University: in a program on the campus radio station, the club asked students to call in and pledge that they would commute to school by bus instead of by automobile at least one day per week. Only ten percent of the students called in and pledged. In view of the campaign's lack of success, we can assume that the bus service we currently offer will continue to be sufficient to serve the university."

2. The following is a letter that recently appeared in the Oak City Gazette, a local newspaper.
"Membership in Oak City's Civic Club — a club whose primary objective is to discuss local issues — should continue to be restricted to people who live in Oak City. People who work in Oak City but who live elsewhere cannot truly understand the business and politics of the city. It is important to restrict membership to city residents because only residents pay city taxes and therefore only residents understand how the money could best be used to improve the city. At any rate, restricting membership in this way is unlikely to disappoint many of the nonresidents employed in Oak City, since neighboring Elm City's Civic Club has always had an open membership policy, and only twenty-five nonresidents have joined Elm City's Club in the last ten years."

3. The following appeared as an editorial in the local newspaper of Dalton.

"When the neighboring town of Williamsville adopted a curfew four months ago that made it illegal for persons under the age of 18 to loiter or idle in public places after 10 p.m., youth crime in Williamsville dropped by 27 percent during curfew hours. In Williamsville's town square, the area where its citizens were once most outraged at the high crime rate, not a single crime has been reported since the curfew was introduced. Therefore, to help reduce its own rising crime rate, the town of Dalton should adopt the same kind of curfew. A curfew that keeps young people at home late at night will surely control juvenile delinquency and protect minors from becoming victims of crime."

4. The following appeared as an editorial in the local newspaper of Dalton.

"When the neighboring town of Williamsville adopted a curfew four months ago that made it illegal for persons under the age of 18 to loiter or idle in public places after 10 p.m., youth crime in Williamsville dropped by 27 percent during curfew hours. In Williamsville's town square, the area where its citizens were once most outraged at the high crime rate, not a single crime has been reported since the curfew was introduced. Therefore, to help reduce its own rising crime rate, the town of Dalton should adopt the same kind of curfew. A curfew that keeps young people at home late at night will surely control juvenile delinquency and protect minors from becoming victims of crime."